基于升降浮沉理论的升陷汤与补中益气汤内涵之别

升降浮沉是中药理论体系的重要组成部分，后世医家分别从理论及临床应用方面加以阐发，不断充实升降浮沉理论，使其日臻成熟与完善。李东垣《脾胃论》所载补中益气汤，亦被后世奉为治疗“中气下陷”证的主方。张锡纯在《医学衷中参西录》中提出了“大气下陷”一词，并针对此证创立了专方升陷汤。两者同为“气陷”证而设，然其内涵又有不同。依据升降浮沉理论于脏腑、药物之用，通过补中益气汤与升陷汤的组方思路探析，比较治则治法之不同，分析其所治气陷证之别。升降浮沉理论贯穿于此二方的理论思想和制方用药方法，对充实、完善中药药性理论具有积极作用。     

社区获得性肺炎的中西医治疗研究进展

社区获得性肺炎(Community Acquired Pneumonia,CAP)是比较常见的院外肺部炎性疾病之一,随着细菌、支原体、衣原体等多种病原体的耐药率的上升,以及病患梯度的范围增加,CAP的发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,死亡率日益增高,导致医疗资源消耗巨大。目前临床上CAP的患者主要依靠经验性治疗。正确选择抗生素、减少病原体的耐药率,优化肺部炎症疾病的医疗方案,提高CAP临床治愈率已经成为临床医生当前面临的一项重大挑战。中药制剂具有广谱抗菌、调节免疫、不易耐药、简便价廉等特点,是解决上述难题的一个很好途径。     

金水宝胶囊生产过程中质量控制方法的建立

目的:完善金水宝胶囊生产过程中的质量控制体系,为该制剂的后续研究与应用提供实验依据。方法:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),Ultimate AQ-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),腺苷、鸟苷、尿苷含量测定的色谱条件为流动相甲醇(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~14 min,100%~99%B;14~19 min,99%~89%B;19~39 min,89%~85%B),流速0.4 m L·min^-1,柱温30℃,进样量10μL,检测波长260 nm。麦角甾醇含量测定的色谱条件为流动相甲醇-水(98∶2),流速1 m L·min^-1,柱温25℃,进样量10μL,检测波长283 nm。结果:发酵虫草菌粉不同生产阶段样品的指纹图谱中主要色谱峰差异性较小。腺苷、鸟苷、尿苷的线性关系良好(R2均>0.999);三者的加样回收率分别为106.06%,101.25%,105.88%,RSD均<3.0%。于2016-2018年各抽取的20批样品中腺苷、麦角甾醇的含量均符合2015年版《中国药典》的要求,鸟苷、尿苷的质量分别为0.97~1.36,0.67~1.38 mg/粒。结论:市面所售金水宝胶囊质量较为稳定。建立的方法可用于检测金水宝胶囊的质量,且操作简便、稳定可靠,可为发酵虫草菌粉类产品的检测提供参考。     

Antiretroviral Therapy Fails to Restore Levels of HIV-1 Restriction miRNAs in PBMCs of HIV-1-infected MSM

A number of cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to have the ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication. In this study, we examined the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on the expression of HIV-1 restriction miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-1–infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Compared with male healthy donors, HIV-infected MSM had significantly lower levels of 9 HIV-1 restriction miRNAs. The treatment of HIV-1–infected MSM with cART, however, failed to restore the levels of these miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These observations suggest that the suppression of the cellular restriction miRNAs by HIV-1 may attribute to the virus latency during cART.     

Bismuth Sodium Titanate Based Materials for Piezoelectric Actuators

The ban of lead in many electronic products and the expectation that, sooner or later, this ban will include the currently exempt piezoelectric ceramics based on Lead-Zirconate-Titanate has motivated many research groups to look for lead-free substitutes. After a short overview on different classes of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with large strain, this review will focus on Bismuth-Sodium-Titanate and its solid solutions. These compounds exhibit extraordinarily high strain, due to a field induced phase transition, which makes them attractive for actuator applications. The structural features of these materials and the origin of the field-induced strain will be revised. Technologies for texturing, which increases the useable strain, will be introduced. Finally, the features that are relevant for the application of these materials in a multilayer design will be summarized.